AML (Anti money laundering)

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Money Laundering Cycle

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Techniques Employed

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AML Solution - Features

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What is Money Laundering?

‘Money Laundering’ is the process by which illegal funds and assets are converted into legitimate funds and assets. “Whosoever directly or indirectly attempts to indulge or knowingly assists or knowingly is a party or is actually involved in any process or activity connected with the proceeds of crime and projecting it as untainted property shall be guilty of offence of money laundering.” “Money Laundering is the conversion of profits from illegal activities into financial assets which appear to have legitimate origins.”

Money Laundering Cycle

Predicate Crimes

• Corruption & Bribery
• Fraud
• Organized Crime
• Drug, Human Trafficking
• Terrorism
• Environmental Crime

Placement

• Introduction of Criminal
Proceeds into stream of
commerce
• Most Vulnerable stage
of money laundering
process.

Layering

• Distancing of Money
from its Criminal source
– Movement of money
into different accounts
• Distancing of Money
from its Criminal source
– Movement of money
to different country
• Increasingly difficult to
detect

Integration

• Last Stage of Money
Laundering
• Laundered proceeds are
distributed back to the
criminal
• Creates appearance of
Legitimate wealth

Techniques Employed

Money Laundering Risks

Reputational Risk

• The potential that adverse publicity regarding a bank’s business practices, whether accurate or not, will cause a loss of confidence in the integrity of the institution.
• A major threat to banks as confidence of depositors, creditors and general market place to be maintained.
• Banks vulnerable to Reputational Risk as they can easily become a vehicle for or a victim of customers’ illegal activities.

Operational Risk

• The risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events.
•Weaknesses in implementation of banks’ programs, ineffective control procedures and failure to practice due diligence.

Legal Risk

• The possibility that lawsuits, adverse judgments or contracts that turn out to be unenforceable can disrupt or adversely affect the operations or condition of a bank.
• Banks may become subject to lawsuits resulting from the failure to observe mandatory KYC standards or from the failure to practice due diligence.
• Banks can suffer fines, criminal liabilities and special penalties imposed by supervisors.

Concentration Risk

• Mostly applies on the assets side of the balance sheet: Information systems to identify credit concentrations; setting prudential limits to restrict banks’ exposures to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers.
•On liabilities side: Risk of early and sudden withdrawal of funds by large depositors damages to liquidity.

AML Solution - Features